Geologic, petrographic and tectonic background

Miners work in narrow deep pits

These are part of the proterozoic crust. They were metamorphosed by granulite facies processes during the panafrican era. These thermotectonic events formed vast parts of Africa, Southern India and Sri Lanka (Kennedy, 1964; Kröner, 1980). With respect to the Gondwanaland, the granulite of Malagasy formed the eastern part of the Mozambique belt which is being interpreted as the result of a continent-continent collision that occurred about 600 mio. years ago.