Table 7a
T - Example: Surface Diffusion-treated Sapphire.

Chemical composition (LA-ICP-MS in ppm) of a diffusion-treated sapphire (Fig. 65). The rim and the core of the sample were measured to show characteristics of a so-called “surface diffusion-treated” sapphire (T). Note: Increase of Ti only in the rim is responsible for the formation of color in these treated sapphires, while the other elements remain unchanged (Al fixed by normalization to 526604ppm).

Table 7b
E(IM1) - Example: Natural Orangy-Pink Sapphire ("Padparadscha").
Origin: Madagascar

Chemical compositions (LA-ICP-MS in ppm) of a Madagascar orangy-pink sapphire (“Padparadscha”) (Fig. 66) enhanced with the new E(IM1) method with compositional differences in the outer rim and core. Note: Decrease of trace elements in the gemstones’ rim and the presence of Beryllium (Be).

Table 7c
E(IM) - Example: Natural Orange-Red Sapphire of Songea (Tanzania)Origin.

Chemical composition (LA-ICP-MS in ppm) of orange-red sapphire from Songea (Tanzania) (Fig. 67) enhanced with the new E(IM) method. Note: Presence of Cr, Ti and Fe within the gemstone, along with Beryllium of approx 8ppm. The Beryllium concentrations were found within the entire body of the gemstone, while Fe concentrations are concentrated towards the core - a trend followed by other elements (All are characteristically present in the natural equivalents, except Beryllium).