Lit Par18 Furuya M., Furuya M. (2007) Paraiba Tourmaline-Electric Blue Brilliance Burnt into Our Minds. Japan Germany Gemmological Laboratory, Kofu, Japan, 24 pp.

Lit Par19 Kane R.E. (1989) Gem trade lab notes: Blue tourmaline from Brazil. Gems &Gemology, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 241-242.

Lit Par20 Karfunkel J., Wegner R. R. (1996) Paraiba tourmalines: Distribution, mode of occurrence, and geologic environment. Canadian Gemmologist, Vol.17, No. 4, pp. 99-106.

Lit Par21 Kitawaki H. (2005) Journey through Brazil mines: Hometown of "Paraiba" tourmaline. Gemmology, Vol.36, No. 435, pp. 19-23.

Lit Par22 Koivula J. I., Kammerling R. C., Eds. (1989) Gem News: Unusual tourmalines from Brazil. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 181-182.

Lit Par23 Koivula J. I., Kammerling R. C., Eds. (1989) Gem News: Paraiba tourmaline update. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 248-249.

Lit Par24 Koivula J. I., Kammerling R. C., Eds. (1990) Gem News: Treated Paraiba tourmaline. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 103-104.

Lit Par25 Koivula J. I., Kammerling R.C. (1990) Gem news: The discovery of the Paraiba tourmaline mine. Gems & Gemology. Vol. 26, No.2, pp. 164-165.

Lit Par26 Koivula J. I., Kammerling R. C., Fritsch E., Eds. (1992) Gem News: Tourmaline with distinctive inclusions. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 204-205.

Lit Par27 Milisenda C. C. (2005) "Paraiba-Turmaline" aus Quintos de Baixo, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasilien. Gemmologie: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 54, No. 2-3, pp. 73-84.

Lit Par28 Shigley J. E., Cook B. C., Laurs B. M., Oliveira Bernardes M. (2001) An update on "Paraiba" tourmaline from Brazil. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 260-276.

Literature review on tourmalines from Africa

Lit Par29 Abduriyim A., Kitawaki H. (2005) Cu- and Mn-bearing tourmaline: More production from Mozambique. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 360-361.

Lit Par30 Bettencourt Dias M., Wilson W. E. (2000) Famous mineral localities: The Alto Ligonha pegmatites, Mozambique. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 31, pp. 459-497.

Lit Par31 Breeding C. M., Rockwell K., Laurs B. M. (2007) Gem News International: New Cu-bearing tourmaline from Nigeria. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 384-385.

Lit Par32 Henricus J. (2001) New Nigeria tourmaline find excites trade interest. Jewellery News Asia, No.207, pp. 77-78, 87.

Lit Par33 Laurs, B.M.,Zwaan J.C., Breeding C.M., Simmons W.B., Beaton D., Rijsdijk K.F., Befi R., Falster A.U. (2008) Copper-bearing (Paraiba-type) tourmaline from Mozambique. Gems & Gemology, 2008. Vol. 44, No. 1: pp. 4-30.

Lit Par34 Lächelt S. (2004) The Geology and Mineral Resources of Mozambique. National Directorate of Geology, Maputo, Mozambique, 515 pp.

Lit Par35 Milisenda C. C. (2001) GemmologieAktuell: Cuprian tourmaline from Nigeria. Gemmologie: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 121-122.

Lit Par36 Milisenda C. C., Horikawa Y., Emori K., Miranda R., Bank F. H., Henn U. (2006) Neues Vorkommen kupferführender Turmaline in Mosambik [A new find of cuprian tourmalines in Mozambique]. Gemmologie: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 55, No. 1-2, pp. 5-24.

Lit Par37 Mozambique Paraiba tourmaline hot in Tucson (2007) jewellery News Asia, No. 272 (April), p. 56.

Lit Par38 Petsch E. J. (1986) Riesen in Rot, Grün und Blau—Die Turmalin-Vorkommen in Mosambik. Mineralientage München 85—Turmalin, Oct. 18-20, Munich, Germany.

Lit Par39 Rondeau B., Delaunay A. (2007) Les tourmalines cuprifères du Nigeria et du Mozambique [Cuprian tourmalines from Nigeria and Mozambique]. Revue de Gemmologie, No. 160, pp. 8-13.

Lit Par40 Smith C. P., Bosshart G., Schwarz D. (2001) Gem News International: Nigeria as a new source of copper-manganese-bearing tourmaline. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 239-240.

Lit Par41 Wentzell C. Y. (2004) Lab Notes: Copper-bearing color-change tourmaline from Mozambique. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 250-251.

Lit Par42 Wentzell C. Y., Fritz E., Muhlmeister S. (2005) Lab Notes: More on copper-bearing color-change tourmaline from Mozambique. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 173-175.

Lit Par43 Wise R. W. (2007) Mozambique: The new Paraiba? Colored Stone, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 10-11. Lit Par44 Zang J. W., da Fonseca-Zang W. A., Fliss F., Höfer H. E., Lahaya Y. (2001) Cu-haltige Elbaite aus Nigeria. Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, Beihefte zum European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 13, p. 202.

Literature arrived at printing date

Lit Par48 Koivula J. I., Nagle K., Shen A. H-T., Owens P. (2009) Solution-Generated Pink Color Surrounding Growth Tubes and Cracks in Blue to Blue-Green Copper-Bearing Tourmalines from Mozambique. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 40, No.1, pp. 44-47.